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S. H. Fattahi; Sh. Abdollahpour; E. Esmaeal zadeh; M. Moghaddam
Abstract
Each year, millions of liters of toxic liquid, are used to combat with pests and plant diseases in farms. The wide spread use of chemical pesticides causes great environmental hazards. Particles drift is one of the main problems in spraying which results in the contamination of farm lands, humans and ...
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Each year, millions of liters of toxic liquid, are used to combat with pests and plant diseases in farms. The wide spread use of chemical pesticides causes great environmental hazards. Particles drift is one of the main problems in spraying which results in the contamination of farm lands, humans and animals. Management of particle size is regarded as the main factor in drift control. In this study, the effect of some parameters on the size of deposited particles on non-target areas was studied using statistical method. The effects of nozzle type (orifice size), spraying pressure, spraying boom height and wind speed as effective factors on drift were examined. A horizontal wind tunnel with working section of 0.47 m wide, 0.75 m height and 5.5 m long was used for testing. Experiment was performed in the form of factorial split-plot based on randomized complete block design with two replications. Droplets were measured in the treatment combinations of the type of flat-fan nozzle with three orifice area (11003- 0.87 mm2, 11004-1.18 mm2 and 11006- 1.8 mm2), spraying pressure (150, 275 and 400 kpa), wind speed (1, 2 and 3 m s-1) and the boom height of (0.35, 0.55 and 0.75 m). Water-sensitive papers were used at intervals of 0.8, 1.6 and 2.4 m from the tip of nozzles for detecting droplets size. The factors of pressure, speed and height had positive effects on the droplet size at the desired distance, but the effect of nozzle size on droplet size was negative. In the regression model the coefficients of speed was higher than the others.
Kh. Mohammadi; H. R. Ghasemzadeh; H. Navid; M. Moghaddam; H. Ghaffari
Abstract
In this research the quality of walnut kernels under impact loading were studied. Due to unavailability of specific varieties of walnut in Iran, the tests were carried out on the available genotypes. Three different genotypes from walnut orchards of Azarshar region were selected and were collected in ...
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In this research the quality of walnut kernels under impact loading were studied. Due to unavailability of specific varieties of walnut in Iran, the tests were carried out on the available genotypes. Three different genotypes from walnut orchards of Azarshar region were selected and were collected in 2009. A drop test device was designed and constructed to perform the experiments. The impact tests were performed considering five factors in a factorial experiment using completely randomized design with five replications. The factors were genotype, moisture content, geometrical mean diameter, load direction with three levels and the hammer drop height (five levels). The effect of these factors on kernel quality was examined. Walnut cracking assessments and kernel quality were evaluated by well-defined criteria. Generally, by increasing the moisture content, the percentage of broken kernels decreased while the number of unbroken kernels increased and the quality grade of the kernels improved. The percentage of broken kernels increased as hammer drop height increased. Soaking the walnuts in water for 3 hours, with transverse loading (in Y direction) and hammer drop height of 35cm were formed the best set of walnut cracking parameters for obtaining quality kernels.
S. Aliasgarian Najafabadi; H. R. Ghasemzadeh; M. Moghaddam
Abstract
In the present research, susceptibility of two strawberry cultivars (Selva and Gavita) to bruising was studied. Individual fruits were subjected to impact and compressive forces. Impact forces were applied through dropping the fruits from predetermined heights as well as pendulum. Bruising volume was ...
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In the present research, susceptibility of two strawberry cultivars (Selva and Gavita) to bruising was studied. Individual fruits were subjected to impact and compressive forces. Impact forces were applied through dropping the fruits from predetermined heights as well as pendulum. Bruising volume was considered as damage index. In both methods bruising severity was increased as a function of impact energy. Dropped fruits were showed higher bruising volume than those of fruits impacted by pendulum for similar energy levels. Increasing energy level by a factor of four (from 0.022 to 0.082 J) caused the bruise volume to increase by a factor of three (from 46 to 134.5 mm3). Increasing drop height from 18 cm (0.026 J) to 54 cm (0.079 J) caused the bruise volume to increase up to 35%. Bruise severity due to compression force was higher than those of obtained from other tests. Doubling the loading time from 2 to 4 seconds showed no significant difference in bruise volume. Although Gavita variety had greater sensitivity to bruising than Selva variety, the effect of variety was significant only in impact test with pendulum tester.
